The EFI partition isn’t missing or, you’re right, it wouldn’t boot at all.

If the /boot/efi isn’t set to nofail in fstab then it failing to mount would dump them into emergency mode. This could also be cause by something simple like a syntax error in fstab.

It’s also possible that there’s a broken bootloader entry. For example, If the system was installed with LUKS encryption on the home directory and one of the boot entry doesn’t have the luks module. The system would boot but everything after that would fail because it can’t decrypt and mount /home.

The screenshot isn’t useful, those BPF errors are likely a symptom of the original problem but they pushed the real error off screen. We’d need to see the output of journactl -xb in order to figure it out.

e: I forgot my unhelpful advice: Tell her to try Arch.