A Nikkei analysis of financial footnotes at Alphabet, Microsoft, Amazon, Meta, and Oracle found $1.65 trillion in off-balance-sheet obligations tied to AI infrastructure — binding, must-pay commitments parked in the fine print.
…a company creates or partners with a separate legal entity — a special-purpose vehicle (SPV) — that borrows the money and owns the assets. The tech company signs long-term leases or capacity contracts but doesn’t record the SPV’s debt on its own books.
That is one way of saying upcoming lease contracts and purchase commitments reported according to IFRS and IAS and disclosed on financial statements.