We’ve all seen articles about massive container ships of the future using kites to supplement their engines, but I suspect a really solarpunk future would look a bit further afield, or perhaps further back in time for their ship designs.
I think in any future with humans and continents, people are going to be trying to cross the ocean. There might be less shipping in a world without our abundance of cheap energy, or more of a focus on reducing consumption and producing necessities locally, but people will still trade goods and travel. So what might the ships look like? Return to tallships? Solar panels and electric motors? I love reexamining traditional technologies to see how they can fit with modern engineering and design principles, safety features, and electronics, but I don’t know much about ships, and especially not much about modern sailing.
So what do you think will be bringing back holds full of old world fashions harvested from the Chilaen desert?
Dirigibles! Solar on top, hydrolysis for lifting gas, electric and wind for propulsion. Just don’t cover the skin in rocket fuel this time…
That… would actually make a really rad scene, that might be my next quick photobash. I keep getting reminded that dirigibles have real solarpunk potential, then forgetting about them. I guess we can skip the rocket fuel
Hydrogen lifting gss doesn’t seem like the best idea due to its reactivity and leakiness
Helium leaks just as much as hydrogen.
I think an easy solution to that is to put a neutral gas like nitrogen in an intermediate layer between the hydrogen and the air. That way there’s no contact between hydrogen and oxygen gasses in the event of a tiny puncture. And the leaked hydrogen can just be replaced by freshly electrolyzed hydrogen from water, made with solar power in the mechanical room of the airship.
I think I’ve read that helium is a limited resource, hard to find and dependant on natural gas mining for extraction? Some kind of mining. Are there other good lighter-than-air candidates?
Helium is an inert gas. It’s one of two gasses that have an average molecular velocity high enough to escape Earth if let into the atmosphere. Any terrestrial helium comes from heavy elements radioactively decaying deep in the earth, and is trapped in the same rock formations that collect petroleum.
Hydrogen is also capable of escape, but reacts with ozone to create water. One of the concerns with a hydrogen economy is that hydrogen production on a global industrial scale will deplete holes into the ozone layer again.
Neon, pure nitrogen gas (air is 78% N), carbon monoxide, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, acetylene, ethylene, and methane are all lighter than air. Methane, acetylene, and ethylene are extremely flammable. Carbon monoxide, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide are poisonous and corrosive. Neon exists in the atmosphere in small amounts but is extremely expensive to isolate and vastly inferior to helium for buoyancy. Maybe in a post scarcity society hot-neon balloons would be a thing. Hot-air balloons could also become slightly more effective if the carbon-dioxide and oxygen were filtered from the envelope.
Hear me out: solar-collector heated hot air balloons!
Yes, I know, my kid had a toy like that - but why limit this to toys? You could also use solar heat and support with other heat sources. How about a solar hot air ballon rail, where the rail is a solar collector trough that sends sunlight up to heat the air inside the dirigible?
How about hot air? If the dirigible is black, sunlight will do most of the heating.
My favourite shipping solution would be vessels pulled by large sea mammals. It sounds very far out there, but then there’s a group (school? herd?) of dolphin somewhere who help people fish, there used to be a whale who helped to guide boats … once we finally manage to talk to them maybe we can come to some kind of agreement.
First of all local shipping will be a thing in solarpunk socities as well. Shipping is amazing at transporting huge things very cheaply and ferries will be around as well. Those might run electric to not be dependend as much on wind.
For ocean going vessels, I would bet on large sailing vessels using the trade winds, but also having solar, batteries and electric motors to cross areas with no or bad wind. We would likely still have weather satellites and run weather forecasts. The advantages of that are massive not just in shipping, but also for agriculture and many other things. So the ships would go for the best wind available for long journeys using that data. For going into ports electric motors would be used as well, to make it easier.
As for sailing themself, it likely would use sails connected to electric motors with some sort of micro controller making it easier. The sailing ships of old had to have a lot of sailors for the hard work of changing sails and so forth. That should not be needed in a solarpunk future. As for the masts they need to be collapseable or they need to use kites. This makes it easier to move around in port and allows for easier loading and unloading processes using containers, as the cranes need to be able to get them out of the ship. So old school tall ships would propably not be the ultimate solution.
I really like the mix of sails and electric motors for maneuvering and drive in poor wind conditions. The tech like weather satellites, GPS, and radio really would make a huge difference.
I hadn’t considered the use of cranes in port, but that would be a big thing to loose. Really, containerized and palletized shipping are huge advantages we’d want to keep. I wonder what ship designs would look like, if you wanted something like a tallship in terms of size (so smaller than a massive container ship) and sail… volume? But able to access the cargo in a somewhat modern way. Maybe they really would spend some time outside the port stowing the sails and collapsing the masts before maneuvering in on electric power, maybe they’d build with a longer design or a missing mast for easier access to the hold. Thanks for talking through these!
Depends on the scale, for intercontinental trade we might still be stuck with big containers, while we search for ways to incrementally make them greener or faze them out with a new solution.
Trade and travel at short distances is a lot easier to deal with, and sail ship might make a comeback.
For intercontinental container ships win, in almost all cases. Efficiency scales with size (power requirements scale with cross section, n^2, while capacity scales with volume, n^3). This is part of what creates the problem with modern society, they are SO good at their role that it is cheaper to ship all around the world, than to make locally.
What we can do is remove the fuel requirements. Solar and Wind turbines can create significant amounts of power, on a ship that size. Further, classic sails can be used for direct drive, when conditions are right.
It is also one of the best case situations for hydrogen. Hydrogen storage difficulty scales with the inverse of size. Small is hard, big is easy (comparably). Hydrogen can also be made from water and excess electricity. Conveniently, container ships tend to have access to unlimited water.
An electric container ship could run off renewables, with hydrogen providing a supplemental power source. When there is excess power (e.g. at dock, waiting to use a congested area, or just running at a relaxed pace) it can be turned into hydrogen onboard. If high speeds are required, it can be supplemented by coast based hydrogen generation (either on-shore, or floating).
This is a really cool idea - I hadn’t considered that there might be a way to do container ships somewhat renewably
Recently the “Canopee” has been launched.
It’s a cargo ship with automatic sails that is transporting the Ariane 6 rocket across the Atlantic.
There is also this company who was doing shipping on old yatchs but the are now building a modern sail cargo boat
While container ships will win for bulk shipping (discussed in a different comment), I wouldn’t be surprised by the use of airships.
A large, modern airship wouldn’t have the problem of the Hindenburg etc. We can make lightweight materials that can stand a brief hydrogen fire. Further, modern solar panels can be thin light and flexible. If you covered the skin of an airship, you would have significant generation capacity, particularly when above the clouds (solar works better in the cold). Excess power can generate hydrogen for both lift and fuel. This just needs water, which also makes an excellent ballast.
While it would lack the speed of a jet, it would have more capacity, and lower fuel requirements. While it would lack the sheer capacity of a container ship. it would be a lot faster. It would also be able to go across land, and so access more areas, and cut long detours.
Add rail to this mix, and you have most bulk cargo requirements covered. Jets and trucks can fill ultra fast, and last mile delivery niches respectively.
I’m really digging the modern reconsideration of airships. Between the more advanced materials, the higher-tech drive, control, and navigation systems, and the advantages in low-input operation and ability to park anywhere, it seems practical. I like that it seems like a pretty closed system once built, aside from maintenance. I didn’t ask this question specifically for art ideas, but I’d like to do a photobash of airships in use at some point.
Do you have any idea what modern airship yards would look like? I dig the look of historic mooring towers and airship sheds but they’re probably not as practical - from reading wikipedia it sounds like some modern ones can just land on the ground, which is less stylish but probably way easier for everyone involved. And it sounds like the canceled CargoLifter ones were supposed to operate something like a flying crane and winch cargo up from the ground.
I don’t know how much you know about them, but if you (or anyone) have any airship designs you really like, I’d love to see them. The top covered in solar panels is a cool look, concept art I’ve seen has the airships in all shapes and configurations which I don’t know enough to differentiate reasonable designs from bad yet.
First a proviso, while I’ve a better physics education then most, it’s FAR from focused on this area. Take my ideas as the ramblings of an educated layman.
Shape wise, it will likely be best a cross between a bullet and a wing. You want it to present a blade-like cross section to the front for cutting through the air, with a trailing tail to reduce drag turbulence. You also want to limit the side cross section to limit wind sheer effects, though this is less critical. The end result is an inflated flying wing shape. This also gives a large area on the top for solar panels.
The airship will also need propulsion. 3 ideas spring to mind. Ducted fans would potentially work well for forward thrust. (Think finger jet engine arrangement). For maneuvering, you’ll want pods of some description. Vector thrust options mirrored around the centerline. These could be ducted pods, like those used to maneuver cargo ships, or more quadcopter like, with larger exposed fans. Aerodynamics will be a big limit however. They will either need to be part of the main thrust generation, in flight, or fold out of the air stream.
As for a depot etc, I suspect it will be closer to a ship unloading dock. The main docks will have the airship latched down to the ground, for efficient loading and unloading. Outside that, they will likely want to tether. This lets them turn into the wind. Think something like this: Random image I found Not the prettiest site, but practical. Enough room to avoid collisions, but otherwise anchored. Airships would require some sort of mooring pole, so it would likely be more regular in arrangement.
This is awesome, thank you!
I was talking about this with a friend who is very into both nautical history and modern merchant shipping and he linked me to these articles. Thought I’d include them here.
https://gcaptain.com/project-to-test-feasibility-of-sail-powered-bulk-carrier/
